Brain Iron Accumulation and the Side Effects of NBIA

We all want to stay sharp as long as possible, and it becomes even more important as we get older. The brain requires certain levels of iron to function naturally. But what happens if there is too much brain iron accumulation? Well, you might be at risk for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA). 

What is Brain Iron Accumulation?

Brain iron accumulation happens because the brain needs certain levels of iron to function naturally. However, the aging brain can accumulate excess amounts which have a negative effect on cognition. In excess, it has even been linked to cognitive decline, the deterioration of memory, and thinking skills which can lead to dementia. It is not clear that the accumulation of iron in the brain causes mental decline, claims one study. This study found that certain nutrients might be protective. These nutrients can be found in fatty acids found in fish, nuts, and olive. Using MRIs, researchers found that older adults with the highest intake of those nutrients had the lowest accumulation of iron in their brain.

If accumulation goes on too long, it may lead to a genetic disorder called Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) in some people.

What is NBIA?

Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) is a group of rare, genetic disorders characterized by abnormal accumulation of iron in the base of the brain. This area, called the basal ganglia, assists in regulating movements. At the time of posting, there is no cure for NBIA.

Signs and Symptoms

The main symptom of NBIA is related to the body’s muscle function. There are several terms for neuromuscular symptoms:

• Dystonia – describes the involuntary muscle cramping that forces parts of the body into unusual and sometimes painful positions.
• Choreoathestiosis – describes a condition characterized by involuntary, jerky, and rapid movements that occur in conjunction with slow, writhing motions. 

Additionally, there may be stiffness in the legs and arms due to continuous resistance to muscle relaxing and unusual tightening.

Though NBIA is a genetic condition, the reduction of iron accumulation may help stave off the disease. So, be sure to eat a diet rich in fishy fatty acids and iron-reducing nutrients like nuts and olive oil. 

This is why preventative medicine is of the utmost importance. Be sure to visit your doctor regularly.

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